See kynnhal in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"word": "cynnal"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "kyn-",
"3": "dala",
"t2": "to hold"
},
"expansion": "kyn- + dala (“to hold”)",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "<span class=\"cited-source\">Morris Jones, John (<span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">1913), <cite>A Welsh Grammar, Historical and Comparative</cite>, Oxford: Clarendon Press, § 156 i 10, page 264</span></span>"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ref"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*kanti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *kanti",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "contamination",
"2": "conflation"
},
"expansion": "conflation",
"name": "lg"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "kyn-",
"3": "talu",
"t2": "to pay, repay, reward"
},
"expansion": "kyn- + talu (“to pay, repay, reward”)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain. The obvious derivation from kyn- + dala (“to hold”) does not account for the robust presence of /n̥/ (still present in Modern Welsh), implying an antecedent in *-nt-. The prefix can(nh)- (“with”) (from Proto-Celtic *kanti) would account for the consonant, but not the vowel /ə/. Perhaps this form is a conflation of two originally distinct verbs *kom-delgeti and *kanti-delgeti.\nA derivation from kyn- + talu (“to pay, repay, reward”) would work phonologically but is difficult to justify semantically.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "inflection-table-top",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "kynhalyaf",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kynhely",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kynhal",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kynhaliwn",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "kynheliwch",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kynhaliant",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kynhelir",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"impersonal",
"indicative",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "kynhaliwn",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kynhalut",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kynhaliei",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kynhaliem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kynhaliewch",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kynhelynt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kynhelit",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"impersonal"
]
},
{
"form": "kynhelieis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"preterite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kynhelieist",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"preterite",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kynhaliawð",
"links": [
[
"kynhaliawð",
"kynhaliawd#Middle_Welsh"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"preterite",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kynhaliassom",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"preterite"
]
},
{
"form": "kynhaliassawch",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"preterite",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kynhaliassant",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"preterite",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kynhaliwyt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"impersonal",
"preterite"
]
},
{
"form": "kynhaliasswn",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"pluperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kynhaliassut",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"pluperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kynhaliassei",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"pluperfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kynhaliassem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"pluperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kynhaliassewch",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kynhaliassynt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kynhaliassit",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"impersonal",
"pluperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "kynhaliwyf",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kynhelych",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kynhalio",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kynhaliom",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kynhalioch",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kynhaliont",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kynhalier",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"impersonal",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kynhaliwn",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kynhalut",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kynhaliei",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kynhaliem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kynhaliewch",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kynhelynt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kynhelit",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"impersonal",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kynhal",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kynhaliet",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kynhaliwn",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kynheliwch",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kynhalient",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kynhalier",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"impersonal"
]
},
{
"form": "kynnhal",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle"
]
},
{
"form": "kynhaliadwy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "inflection-table-top",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "kynnhal",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "gynnhal",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"soft"
]
},
{
"form": "kynnhal / chynnhal",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "chynnhal",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kennal",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "kynhal",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "kynnal",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"lang": "Middle Welsh",
"lang_code": "wlm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Welsh terms prefixed with kyn-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "gogynnhal"
},
{
"word": "ymgynnhal"
},
{
"sense": "Welsh",
"word": "ymgynnal"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "For quotations using this term, see Citations:kynnhal."
}
],
"glosses": [
"to uphold, maintain, support"
],
"id": "en-kynnhal-wlm-verb-gCFfKSLR",
"links": [
[
"uphold",
"uphold"
],
[
"maintain",
"maintain"
],
[
"support",
"support"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkən̥al/"
}
],
"word": "kynnhal"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "gogynnhal"
},
{
"sense": "Welsh",
"word": "ymgynnal"
},
{
"word": "ymgynnhal"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"word": "cynnal"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "kyn-",
"3": "dala",
"t2": "to hold"
},
"expansion": "kyn- + dala (“to hold”)",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "<span class=\"cited-source\">Morris Jones, John (<span class=\"None\" lang=\"und\">1913), <cite>A Welsh Grammar, Historical and Comparative</cite>, Oxford: Clarendon Press, § 156 i 10, page 264</span></span>"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ref"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*kanti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *kanti",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "contamination",
"2": "conflation"
},
"expansion": "conflation",
"name": "lg"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "kyn-",
"3": "talu",
"t2": "to pay, repay, reward"
},
"expansion": "kyn- + talu (“to pay, repay, reward”)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain. The obvious derivation from kyn- + dala (“to hold”) does not account for the robust presence of /n̥/ (still present in Modern Welsh), implying an antecedent in *-nt-. The prefix can(nh)- (“with”) (from Proto-Celtic *kanti) would account for the consonant, but not the vowel /ə/. Perhaps this form is a conflation of two originally distinct verbs *kom-delgeti and *kanti-delgeti.\nA derivation from kyn- + talu (“to pay, repay, reward”) would work phonologically but is difficult to justify semantically.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "inflection-table-top",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "kynhalyaf",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kynhely",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kynhal",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kynhaliwn",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "kynheliwch",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kynhaliant",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kynhelir",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"impersonal",
"indicative",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "kynhaliwn",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"first-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kynhalut",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kynhaliei",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kynhaliem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"first-person",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kynhaliewch",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kynhelynt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kynhelit",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"impersonal"
]
},
{
"form": "kynhelieis",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"preterite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kynhelieist",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"preterite",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kynhaliawð",
"links": [
[
"kynhaliawð",
"kynhaliawd#Middle_Welsh"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"preterite",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kynhaliassom",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"preterite"
]
},
{
"form": "kynhaliassawch",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"preterite",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kynhaliassant",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"preterite",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kynhaliwyt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"impersonal",
"preterite"
]
},
{
"form": "kynhaliasswn",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"pluperfect",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kynhaliassut",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"pluperfect",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kynhaliassei",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"pluperfect",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kynhaliassem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"pluperfect",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kynhaliassewch",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kynhaliassynt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"pluperfect",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kynhaliassit",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"impersonal",
"pluperfect"
]
},
{
"form": "kynhaliwyf",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kynhelych",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kynhalio",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kynhaliom",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kynhalioch",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kynhaliont",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kynhalier",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"impersonal",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kynhaliwn",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kynhalut",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kynhaliei",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kynhaliem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kynhaliewch",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "kynhelynt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kynhelit",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperfect",
"impersonal",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kynhal",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kynhaliet",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kynhaliwn",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kynheliwch",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kynhalient",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "kynhalier",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"impersonal"
]
},
{
"form": "kynnhal",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle"
]
},
{
"form": "kynhaliadwy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "inflection-table-top",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "kynnhal",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "gynnhal",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"soft"
]
},
{
"form": "kynnhal / chynnhal",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "chynnhal",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "kennal",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "kynhal",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "kynnal",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"lang": "Middle Welsh",
"lang_code": "wlm",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Middle Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle Welsh lemmas",
"Middle Welsh terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Middle Welsh terms prefixed with kyn-",
"Middle Welsh terms with unknown etymologies",
"Middle Welsh verbs",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "For quotations using this term, see Citations:kynnhal."
}
],
"glosses": [
"to uphold, maintain, support"
],
"links": [
[
"uphold",
"uphold"
],
[
"maintain",
"maintain"
],
[
"support",
"support"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkən̥al/"
}
],
"word": "kynnhal"
}
Download raw JSONL data for kynnhal meaning in Middle Welsh (8.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle Welsh dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-09 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (ccec6f1 and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.